O uso de canábis é particularmente alto na África Ocidental e Central, com uma prevalência de uso em 2021 de quase 10% (30 milhões de pessoas). Além disso, o norte de África é um centro de tráfico inter-regional de resina de canábis para a Europa Ocidental.
No continente africano regista-se ainda uma grande diferença de género no uso de drogas, com uma mulher para cada nove homens a usar canábis.
Em África, o Unodc alertou para os sinais do aumento do uso não medicinal de tramadol, um opioide sintético usado no controlo da dor moderada a intensa, embora também tenha um efeito de melhoria do humor.
“A administração de doses superiores às terapêuticas de tramadol leva a um perfil de dependência semelhante ao da morfina e de outros opioides. Numerosos países no Norte, Oeste e Centro de África, no Próximo e Médio Oriente e no Sudoeste da Ásia relataram evidências de uso não medicinal da droga”, indicou o Unodc.
Embora a droga possa ser desviada da cadeia de abastecimento legal, as apreensões nessas regiões sugerem que o tramadol usado no mercado paralelo é muitas vezes um produto falsificado de dosagem mais alta do que o produto farmacêutico, e proveniente do exterior.
O continente africano foi ainda responsável por metade das quantidades de opioides farmacêuticos apreendidos em todo o mundo entre 2017 e 2021, em grande parte devido ao uso não medicinal de tramadol.
A maioria dos consumidores de opiáceos em outras partes de África consome heroína e, em alguns países, codeína e ópio.
Além disso, o consumo de cocaína parece estar a aumentar em todo o continente, em particular na África Ocidental e Austral, observou o Unodc.
A maior parte da cocaína em África é apreendida perto da costa. A região, em particular a África Ocidental, é utilizada como área de transbordo de cocaína da América do Sul com destino à Europa, explicou o Escritório da ONU.
“Das 980.000 pessoas que injetam drogas em África, mais de 100.000 (11,3%) vivem com VIH/Sida. Dentro da região, a África Austral tem a maior prevalência de pessoas que injetam drogas entre a população (0,18%) e a maior prevalência de VIH entre pessoas que injetam drogas (21,9%)”, diz o relatório. (LUSA)
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